Microbial Ecology And Intervention Strategies For Suppressing Ganoderma boninense In Oil Palm Plantation: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
10.46729/ijstm.v7i3.1425Published:
2026-07-02Downloads
Abstract
Basal stem rot (BSR), caused by Ganoderma boninense, remains one of the most destructive diseases threatening the sustainability of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations in Southeast Asia. Increasing limitations of chemical control strategies have shifted attention toward microbial-based approaches for disease suppression. This study presents a systematic literature review aimed at synthesizing current evidence on soil and plant associated microorganisms involved in suppressing G. boninense, identifying dominant microbial taxa, antagonistic mechanisms, and the effectiveness of interventions across experimental scales. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using a PICOS framework. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2026 were retrieved from major scientific databases. Eligible studies included experimental and observational research evaluating microbial antagonists or microbiome associations related to BSR suppression. Data were extracted using a standardized form and synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study design, microbial taxa, and outcome metrics. The findings indicate consistent in vitro antagonistic activity among bacterial groups (e.g., Bacillus, Burkholderia), fungal antagonists (Trichoderma spp.), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces spp.), primarily through enzyme production, antibiosis, volatile compounds, and induced plant defense responses. Microbial consortia generally demonstrated stronger and more stable suppression than single isolates. However, field-scale validation remains limited. Overall, microbial-based strategies show strong potential for sustainable BSR management, but standardized methodologies and long-term field trials are required to support large-scale application.
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